调查 | AI图像工具如何看待用户创作权利?
文|数字治理研究微信公众号
作者|张烽,万商天勤律师事务所合伙人
AIGC 即 AI Generated Content,利用人工智能技术来生成包括图片、文字、视频等各种形式内容,中国互联网产业界将其认为是继PGC(Professional Generated Content)、UGC(User Generated Content)之后的新型内容创作方式。
一般认为AI依据文本生成图像可以追溯到2015年谷歌推出的DeepDream。2021年OpenAI的DALL·E面世,将AI文字生成图像能力推向新高度,此后这项技术更新迭代越来越快。2022年,AIGC深度学习模型不断进化发展,开源模式不断落实深进,商业化新使用新模式新业态正不断推进;谷歌Imagen、Disco Diffusion、MidJourney、DALL-E 2等一大批AI绘画平台或使用工具陆续上线或更新,整个市场发展带来的AI绘画效果越来越强大。
那么当前AI图像工具如何看待用户创作相关权利?我们不妨对若干平台或工具对用户作品权益约定作一简要比较。
展开全文
I DALL-E2
DALL-E2是由 OpenAI 开发的 AI 图像生成器。OpenAI 称该工具可用于创建插图、设计产品并为业务产生新想法。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》中关于用户创作权利回属是这样约定的:
Your Content. You may provide input to the Services (“Input”), and receive output generated and returned by the Services based on the Input (“Output”). Input and Output are collectively “Content.” As between the parties and to the extent permitted by applicable law, you own all Input, and subject to your compliance with these Terms, OpenAI hereby assigns to you all its right, title and interest in and to Output. OpenAI may use Content as necessary to provide and maintain the Services, comply with applicable law, and enforce our policies. You are responsible for Content, including for ensuring that it does not violate any applicable law or these Terms.
您的内容。您可以向服务提供输进(“输进”),并接收服务基于输进生成和返回的输出(“输出”)。输进和输出统称为“内容”。在双方之间,在适用法律答应的领域内,您拥有所有输进,在遵守这些条款的前提下,OpenAI特此将其在输出中的所有权利、所有权和权益转让给您。OpenAI可以依据需要使用内容来提供和保护服务、遵守适用法律并执行我们的政策。您对内容负责,包括确保其不违反任何适用法律或本条款。
II Deep Dream Generator
Deep Dream是一款AI艺术生成器在线工具。技术上说,Deep Dream是一个经过数百万张图像练习的神经网络。只需要上传一张图片,该工具即可依据原图生成新图片。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》服务协议关于用户创作权利是这样约定:
Deep Dream Generator does not claim ownership of any Content that you post on or through the Service. Instead, you hereby grant to Deep Dream Generator a non-exclusive, fully paid and royalty-free worldwide license to use the Content that you post on or through the Service. We need this license in order to show the images you've made public. We will show them on different places on the website (i.e. home page, latest feeds, under your profile, some of our social networks and so on). We do not plan to share, sell or use the Content you've uploaded for any other purposes.即系统提供方并不主张作品版权。
Deep Dream Generator不主张您在服务上或通过服务发布的任何内容的所有权。相反,您特此授予Deep Dream Generator使用您在服务上发布或通过服务发布的内容的非排他性、全额付费和免版税的全球许可证。我们需要此许可证才能展示您公开的图像。我们将在网站上的不同位置(即主页、最新订阅源、您的个人资料下、我们的一些社交网络等)展示它们。我们不企图共享、出售或将您上传的内容用于任何其他目的。
III Artbreeder
Artbreeder一款图像质量增强工具。用户可以在平台上创建风景、动漫人物、肖像和各种其他艺术作品,同时工具还包括改变皮肤颜色、头发和眼睛等面部特征等其他一些功能,也可以把照片变成动画人物。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户创作内容权利回属是这样约定的:
Image Ownership and Intellectual Property
• Each Artbreeder image is owned by the user who created that image.
• You agree to license any images you create on Artbreeder under the Creative Commons CC0 license. This effectively releases any image you create on Artbreeder into the public domain. Such images may be used by anyone for any purpose, with or without attribution. If you use another user’s image, please consider providing attribution in the form of a link to the image’s lineage page.
图像所有权和知识产权
•每个Artbrewer图像由创建该图像的用户拥有。
•您赞同依据Creative Commons CC0许可证许可您在Artbread上创建的任何图像。这将有效地将您在Artbread上创建的任何图像发布到公共领域。任何人都可以出于任何目的使用此类图像,无论是否有回属。假如您使用其他用户的图像,请考虑以链接到图像的谱系页面的形式提供属性。
IV Big Sleep
Big Sleep支持从零开始创建逼真的图像,创建一个真实的图像只需要几个步骤。Big Sleep基于Python,使用神经网络进行图像创建。向程序提供输进数据后,它会输出图像,该工具通过生成对抗网络(GAN)来实现这一点。
【法律条款】关于用户创作内容权利回属,是基于MIT条款,A short and simple permissive license with conditions only requiring preservation of copyright and license notices. Licensed works, modifications, and larger works may be distributed under different terms and without source code.
Open Source Guides Why do people care so much about the legal side of open source?Glad you asked! When you make a creative work (such as writing, graphics, or code), that work is under exclusive copyright by default. That is, the law assumes that as the author of your work, you have a say in what others can do with it.
一种简短而简单的许可证,其条件仅要求保留版权和许可证通知。许可作品、修改和更大的作品可以在不同的条款下分发,而无需源代码。
开源指南为什么人们如此关怀开源的法律方面?很兴奋你问我!当你创作一个发明性的作品(如写作、图形或代码)时,默认情状下该作品受独家版权保护。也就是说,法律假定,作为你作品的作者,你有权决定别人可以用它做什么。
V NightCafe
NightCafe是AI艺术生成器领域的另一家大公司。它可以通过特殊的预设效果创作出各种类型的艺术品,包括宇宙、油画等。你可以使用NightCafe在几分钟内创建一个图像。该工具提供基础免费实用功能,假如你想拥有ai生成的图像,可以抉择通过他们的网站购买。假如你想要购买生成的艺术品,平台可以像绘画一样印刷并交付给你。
【法律条款】关于服务协议《Terms of Use》作品知识产权规定,Once your Artwork has been created and delivered to you, all Intellectual Property Rights subsisting in that specific Artwork is transferred to you and you may use your Artwork for personal or commercial purposes. However, we provide no warranties that you will be able to trade mark or claim copyright ownership of our Artwork or that any trade mark application or copyright claim will not infringe on any third party Intellectual Property Rights;
一旦您的艺术品被创建并交付给您,该特定艺术品中存在的所有知识产权将转移给您,您可以将您的艺术品用于个人或商业目的。然而,我们不保证您能够对我们的作品进行商标或主张版权所有权,或者任何商标申请或版权主张不会侵犯任何第三方知识产权。
VI DeepAI
DeepAI成立于2016年,可以让你创建不限数量的图像,而且每个图像都是独一无二的。可定制各种细节,答应更改颜色、纹理等。假如你输进一个插图,DeepAI可以立刻生成一个与辨认率无关的矢量图像。DeepAI提供的其他一些工具包括StyleGAN和BigGAN,它们也可以创建逼真的图像,CartoonGAN工具则可以把图像变成卡通。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户创作内容权利回属是这样约定的:
You allow us to charge your credit/debit card on file during the first week of every month for any API usage you performed in the previous month, or for the subscription plan you sign up for. We will only charge you for API usage above our free tier, model generation requests, or for a subscription plan that you actively select.
you own all of the copy rights to the work you host on DeepAI.org,you will not host any illegal or offensive content on DeepAI.org,DeepAI.org is not responsible for any financial loss related to the use of our service, whether directly or indirectly related.
您答应我们在每个月的第一周对您在上个月执行的任何API使用或您注册的订阅计划向您的信用卡/借记卡收取费用。我们只会向您收取超过我们的免费层、模型生成请求或您主动抉择的订阅计划的API使用费。
您拥有您在DeepAI.org上托管的作品的所有版权,您不会在DeepAI.org上托管任何非法或冒犯性内容,DeepAI.com不对与使用我们的服务相关的任何直接或间接财务缺失负责。
VII StarryAI
StarryAI也是一个AI艺术生成器,可以把艺术作品变成NFT。它可以用机器学习算法处理图像,不需要用户任何输进。StarryAI提供了所创建图像的完全所有权,可用于个人或商业用途。也可以把它视为一个免费的NFT生成器。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户创作内容权利回属是这样约定的:
You retain your intellectual property ownership rights over content you submit to us for publication within starryai and/or on its corresponding website. We will never claim ownership of your content, but we do require a license from you in order to use it.
您保留您提交给我们在starryai和/或其相应网站上发布的内容的知识产权。我们永远不会声称拥有您的内容,但我们确实需要您的许可证才能使用它。
VIII Fotor
Fotor是另一个用于NFT 艺术作品的AI工具。用户只需要上传一张图片,并抉择想要的艺术风尚;还可以快速轻松地创建图层或添加个人风尚。该工具不需要创建账户即可使用或下载艺术品。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户创作内容权利回属是这样约定的:
User is responsible for any output Content that User generates using AIGC related service. Currently, Company does not make any copyright claim over the output Content that User generates and does not have the ability to license or release the use of that output Content to User. Please note that this situation may change as the development of copyright laws in various jurisdictions.
用户负责用户使用AIGC相关服务生成的任何输出内容。目前,公司未对用户生成的输出内容提出任何版权要求,也无权向用户许可或发布该输出内容的使用。请注重,随着不同司法管辖区版权法的发展,这种情状可能会发生转变。
IX Runway ML
Runway ML支持用户通过练习和使用机器学习模型来生成图像。假如用户想创建视频项目,Runway ML包含了一个视频编辑工具,可用来替换视频的背景图像。Runway ML使用的一些工具包括相对运动分析,这答应它分析用户正在尝试做的事情。它还具有物体识别功能,轻松识别图像或视频中的物体。
【法律条款】《Terms and Conditions》关于用户创作权利是这样约定的:
You own or control all rights in and to the User Contributions and have the right to grant the rights granted above to us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns; and All of your User Contributions do and will comply with these Terms.
您拥有或掌握用户奉献的所有权利,并有权将上述权利授予我们、我们的关联公司和服务提供商,以及他们和我们各自的被许可人、继续人和受让人;并且您的所有用户奉献都将遵守这些条款。
X Craiyon
Craiyon原来名为DALL·E mini,后来改名为“Craiyon”。该程序由谷歌和Hugging Face的研究员们开发,用户只需要在搜索框中输进相应场景的文字描述,就能生成各种或唯美、搞笑又或者是画面惊悚的图片。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户创作内容权利回属是这样约定的:
Commercial Licenses
Free Commercial License.You may use the Site or the Images for academic or research purposes or for educating or entertaining on various social media platforms.
If you are an individual or an entity with less than 1 million United States dollars in annual revenue, you are permitted to use Images generated by the Service for the purpose of pursuing financial gain, provided that (1) a royalty of 20% is due on any revenues attributable to any blockchain transaction (such as selling NFT's), and (2) we may revoke your right to use the Site or the Images at any time.
Free commercial use requires you to attribute images to Craiyon.
Paid Commercial License.If you are an individual or an entity with more than 1 million in United States dollars in annual revenue, commercial use of the Site or the Images is subject to the terms of a separate commercial licensing agreement. Please contact us at sales@craiyon.com.
商业许可证
免费商业许可。您可以将本网站或图像用于学术或研究目的,或在各种社交媒体平台上进行教诲或娱乐。
假如您是年收进低于100万美元的个人或实体,则答应您使用服务生成的图像以获取财务收益,前提是(1)任何区块链交易(如出售NFT)产生的收进应支付20%的版税,以及(2)我们可以随时撤销您使用本网站或图像的权利。
免费商业使用要求您将图像回为Craiyon。
付费商业许可。假如您是年收进超过100万美元的个人或实体,则本网站或图像的商业使用受单独商业许可协议条款的约束。请联系我们:sales@craiyon.com.
XI Midjourney
这是国外一款比较优异的 AI 图像生成器,它综合能力全面,图像生成速度极快,而且上手简单。很多艺术家会使用 Midjourney 生成自己想要图像作为创作灵感参考。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》关于用户权益作出了相关规定。
Your Rights.Subject to the above license, you own all Assets you create with the Services. This does not apply if you fall under the exceptions below.
Please note: Midjourney is an open community which allows others to use and remix your images and prompts whenever they are posted in a public setting. By default, your images are publically viewable and remixable. As described above, you grant Midjourney a license to allow this. If you purchase a private plan, you may bypass some of these public sharing defaults.
Exception 1: Non-Paid Members License Terms
If you are not a Paid Member, Midjourney grants you a license to the Assets under the Creative Commons Noncommercial 4.0 Attribution International License (the “Asset License”).
The full text is accessible as of the Effective Date here:
Exception 2: Corporate-User License Terms
If you are an employee or owner of a company with more than $1,000,000 USD a year in gross revenue, and you are using the Services to benefit your Employer or company you must purchase a corporate membership plan to use the Services or copy the Assets for your company.
Corporate membership plans involve an upfront, non-refundable deposit for up to 12 months of service.
Exception 3: Asset Privacy
If you are subject to a corporate license, or bought a privacy add-on to your subscription, we agree to make best efforts not to publish any Assets you make in any situation where “Private mode” is engaged in the Services.
Please be aware that any image you make in a shared or open space such as a Discord chatroom, is viewable by anyone in that chatroom, regardless of whether Private mode is engaged.
您的权利。依据上述许可,您拥有您使用服务创建的所有资产。假如您属于以下例外情状,则不适用。
请注重:Midtravel是一个开放的社区,答应其他人在公共场所发布时使用和重新混合您的图像和提示。默认情状下,您的图像可以公开查看和重新混合。如上所述,您授予Midtravel许可证以答应此操作。假如您购买私人计划,您可以绕过某些公共共享默认设置。
例外情状1:非付费会员许可条款
假如您不是付费会员,Midtravel将授予您知识共享非商业4.0署名国际许可证(“资产许可证”)下的资产许可证。
自生效日期起,可在此处获取全文:
例外情状2:公司用户许可条款
假如您是一家年总收进超过1000000美元的公司的员工或所有者,并且您正在使用服务为您的雇主或公司带来利益,您必须购买公司会员计划以使用服务或为您的公司复制资产。
企业会员计划包括一笔不可退还的预付定金,服务期长达12个月
例外情状3:资产隐私
假如您受制于公司许可证,或购买了订阅的隐私附加组件,我们赞同尽最大努力不在“私人模式”参与服务的任何情状下发布您制造的任何资产。
请注重,您在共享或开放空间(如Discord谈天室)中制造的任何图像,无论是否使用私人模式,该谈天室中的任何人都可以查看。
XII Disco Difussion
这款AI图像生成器具备强大且极具艺术性的图形生成功能,免费开放供所有人使用。直接托管在谷歌的 Colaboratory 上的,使用 Disco Diffusion 对电脑配置没有要求。上手难度会比较大一些,图像生成前需要设置参数,出图比较慢不过图片质量效果比Midjourney 更好。Disco Diffusion 渲染生成的图像,版权回图片创作者本人所有。
【法律条款】Licensed under the MIT License.Copyright (c) 2021 Katherine Crowson
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
依据麻省理工学院许可证授权。版权所有(c)2021凯瑟琳·克劳森
特此免费向任何获得副本的人授予许可本软件和相关文档文件(“软件”)不受限制,包括但不限于使用、复制、修改、合并、发布、分发、再许可和/或出售软件的副本,并答应软件所属人员按照以下条件提供:
上述版权声明和本许可声明应包含在软件的所有副本或主要部分。
软件按“现状”提供,无任何明示或暗示的,包括但不限于适销性保证,适用于特定目的且不受限制。在任何情状下作者或版权持有人应对任何索赔、损害或其他责任,无论是在合同诉讼、侵权诉讼或其他诉讼中,与软件、软件的使用或其他交易有关软件。
XIII NightCafe Creator
NightCafe Creator提供了两款智能绘图工具,“Text to Image”只需输进一段描述文本(仅支持英文),自动生成对应场景的图片;“Style Transfer(风尚迁移)”可以把用户上传的照片换成名画风尚。
【法律条款】《Terms of Use》中关于用户作品权益规定:
Our Site creates Artworks using AI systems. You acknowledge and agree that we do not control or have any input over the final Artwork that is created by you or delivered to you.
同时还规定,Any and all Intellectual Property Rights subsisting in any materials developed, adapted, modified or created by you (including in connection with the Terms, your use of the NightCafe Services and your Artwork) (Your Intellectual Property) will at all times vest, or remain vested, in you upon creation, and, to the extent necessary, we hereby assign to you such Intellectual Property Rights.
For the avoidance of doubt, once your Artwork has been created and delivered to you, all Intellectual Property Rights subsisting in that specific Artwork is transferred to you and you may use your Artwork for personal or commercial purposes.
我们的网站使用AI系统创建艺术品。您承认并赞同,我们不对您创作或交付给您的最终艺术品进行掌握或提供任何意见。
同时还规定,您开发、改编、修改或创建的任何素材中存在的任何和所有知识产权(包括与条款、您对夜店服务的使用和您的艺术品相关的知识产权)(您的知识产权在创建时将始终回属于您,并且在必要的领域内,我们特此将此类知识产权转让给您。
为免生疑问,一旦您的艺术品创作并交付给您,该特定艺术品中存在的所有知识产权将转移给您,您可以将您的艺术品用于个人或商业目的。
来源:数字治理研究
编辑:Sharon
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