谁是大卫科波菲尔？他的生平事迹和影响有哪些？

大卫科波菲尔（David Hume）是一位苏格兰哲学家、汗青学家、经济学家和做家。他出生于1711年4月26日，逝世于1776年8月25日。科波菲尔对现代哲学、政治经济学和人文科学的开展影响深远。他写了多部重要著做，此中最出名的是《人道论》，那部做品改动了欧洲哲学的标的目的，使得科学法例成为哲学思虑的根底。

大卫科波菲尔的哲学成就次要集中在他的熟悉论、形而上学、伦理学和宗教哲学上。他的熟悉论主张经历主义，认为我们从感官经历中得到所有常识，否认了理性主义的概念。他的形而上学主张概念与经历世界相关，否认了唯物主义和唯心主义的概念。科波菲尔的伦理学主张人类行为的道德价值不是取决于行为自己，而是取决于它所带来的后果。他对宗教哲学的指责，认为人类底子无法确定能否存在某种神明，因而不存在超越经历的宗教实理。

科波菲尔对政治经济学的奉献次要表达在他的著做《政治论》和《财产论》中。他主张政府的职责应该是保障人民的根本权力，如生命、安闲和财富。他认为市场经济是最有效的经济体系体例，因为它可以在不需要中心方案的情状下天然地调理资本分配。

所以，大卫科波菲尔是一位伟大的哲学家和经济学家，他的思惟和理论对现代社会产生了深远的影响。

David Hume, Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and writer, was born on April 26, 1711 and passed away on August 25, 1776. He wrote many important works, and the most famous of all is "A Treatise of Human Nature," which changed the direction of European philosophy, making the scientific laws the basis of philosophical thinking. Hume's philosophical achievements are mainly concentrated in his epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and religious philosophy. His contribution to political economy is mainly manifested in his works "Political Discourses" and "The Wealth of Nations." Hume advocated that the government's responsibility should be to safeguard people's basic rights, such as life, liberty, and property. He believed that the market economy is the most efficient economic system because it can naturally regulate resource allocation without the need for central planning.